Strings

Strings hold text. JavaScript gives you three ways to write a string literal: single quotes 'Hi', double quotes "Hi", and backticks `Hi` — all three produce a string. Unlike Java, JavaScript has no separate character type: a single letter like 'A' is simply a string with a length of 1.

const single = 'Hello';
const double = "World";
const backtick = `Hi there`;
console.log(single, double, backtick);

Backtick strings are called template literals, and they have a superpower: you can embed expressions directly inside them using ${ } — called interpolation — without gluing pieces together with +.

const name = 'Ada';
console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`); // "Hello, Ada!"

The + operator concatenates (joins) strings together. Whenever at least one side of + is a string, JavaScript converts the other side to text and joins them, rather than performing addition.

const first = 'Java';
const second = 'Script';
console.log(first + second);   // "JavaScript"
console.log('Score: ' + 95);   // "Score: 95"

Backtick strings, called ____ literals, let you embed expressions directly inside ${ }.

What does 'Hello, ' + 'World' produce?

JavaScript has a separate type for a single character, just like Java's char.